General: Desert Bitterbrush (Purshia glandulosa) is evergreen, spreading, many branched shrub typically 6-feet wide and 6-feet high with many horizontal (sprawling, unkempt) gray stems and a rounded crown. Twigs may be sticky. Leaves are small, wedge-shaped, and usually with 3 lobes. The central lobe may have a spine. The upper surface of leaves is green with a few long hairs and few to many glands. The lower surface of leaves is densely woolly with in-rolled edges. The short-lived tubular flowers have five white petals and many stamens. One, or sometimes two, fruits develop with a short, non-plumed appendage that is stiff-hairy and slightly hooked.

Antelope Bitterbrush is not common around Las Vegas. Look for this species in vegetation communities in middle-elevation canyons and ridges in the Upper Sonoran (Pinyon-Juniper Woodland) life zone on the west side of the Spring Mountains, Gold Butte National Monument, and northward in Basin and Range National Monument.

Family: Rose (Rosaceae).

Other names: P. tridentata var. glandulosa. Antelope Bitterbrush, Mojave Antelope Brush.

Plant Form: Spreading, many-branched, large shrub (many horizontal, sprawling, unkempt) with gray stems and a rounded crown.

Height: Usually 4-6 feet high (to about 15 feet).

Bark: Thin, grayish to brown.

Stems: Young twigs gray to reddish brown. Many short, spur-like branchlets. Gland hairs sticky.

Leaves: Evergreen. Small (1/4 to 3/4 inches long). Leaves wedge-shaped usually with 3 lobes (central lobe may have a spine); green above with a few hairs and and gray-white (densely white-woolly) below; short petiole, edges entire. Non-aromatic, which is in contrast to Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) that has a similarly shaped leaf.

Flowers: Small (1/2 inch across) white, typical wildrose-type with flared petals and many stamens. Petals 5; sepals 5. Flowers borne singly at tips of shoots. Blooms in spring.

Seeds: One, or sometimes two, fruits develop with a short, non-plumed appendage that is stiff-hairy and slightly hooked.

Habitat: Dry, well-drained sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils on upper bajadas and moderate slopes in the lower mountains.

Elevation: 1,500 to 11,500 feet

Distribution: California deserts to western Arizona, southwest Utah, and northern Nevada.

Comments: Desert Bitterbrush (P. glandulosa), Stansbury Cliffrose (Purshia stansburiana), and Antelope Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) occur in the same habitats, flowering during spring, have similar flowers and leaves, and hybridize. Cliffrose tends to grow as an upright subtree (to 8-9 feet), while the Bitterbrushes tends to be a lower, spreading shrubs. Separating the Bitterbrushes is best done using leaves: in-rolled edges in Desert Bitterbrush and flat edges in Antelope Bitterbrush.

Bitterbrush is important browse for cattle, sheep, and goats, especially in late fall and winter when the ground is snow-covered. It is usually not eaten by horses. It is excellent browse for many species of wildlife, and it can be critical winter browse for mule deer.

Desert Bitterbrush apparently arose via hybridization between Stansbury Cliffrose (Purshia stansburiana) and Antelope Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), and it can hybridize with both parental species.